Subject pronouns are the most basic pronoun, identifying the subject or "doer" of the action.

Singular	Plural
yo I tú you (informal) ud./él/ella you (formal)/he/her	nosotros we ustedes/vosotros/vosotras you (all) ustedes/ellos/ellas you (all)/he/her
yo soy americano. - I am American. tú fue a la tienda. - You went to the store. Ella se llama Dominique. - Her name is Dominique. ¡Nosotrostenemos que jugar! - We have to play!

Direct object pronouns replace the names of objects or people that the subject is acting upon.

Singular	Plural
me me te you (informal) le/lo/la you (masc), him/you (masc)/you (fem) lo/la it (masc)/(fem)	nos us os you (informal) les/los/las masc. you, them/fem. you, them los/las masculine things/feminine things
Los dejo contigo esta tarde. - I'm leaving them with you this afternoon. Le Invitamos tambien. - We invite him as well. Las invité a la fiesta. - I invited them to the party. Yo voy a comprarlo. - I 'm going to buy it. Lo puse en la comoda. - I put it in the dresser.

The indirect object refers to something in relation to or for someone

Singular	Plural
me to me te to you (informal) le to him, her, you	nos to us os to you (informal) les to them, to you (all)
Él quiere decirnos que ... - He wanted to tell us that ... Ayer le escrib una carta. - Yeserday I wrote her a letter. Le tengo que escribir a ellos. - I have to write them a letter. The pronoun is emphasized adding 'a' + prepositional pronoun or noun Mi madre me mandó una carta. - My mother sent me a letter.

When a direct and an indirect pronoun are used in the same sentence, the indirect precedes the direct pronoun (i.d.)

When both the indirect and direct pronoun follow each other and both have an 'l' then the indirect pronoun is turned to 'se' (eg. se la not le la)

Person	Indirect people	Indirect things	Direct
1st	me	-	me
2nd	te	-	te
3rd	le	lo/la	le/lo/la
1st Plural	nos	-	nos
3rd Plural	les	los/las	les/los/las
Mi hermano se lo compró. - My brother bought it for him Mi padre me lo dio. - My father gave it to me. Se lo voy a pedir. - I'm going to ask him for it. Se las escribé. - I wrote (something) for them. Te lo dije. - I told it to you.

The object pronouns either precede a conjugated verb, or are attached to the end of an infinitive or present participle: Voy a mandárselo.

Reflexive pronouns refer back to the subject of the sentence, or the verb acts upon the subject. Many verbs have distinct meanings when they are used with reflexive pronouns, or are used primarly with reflexive pronouns.

The pronouns used are similar to personal object pronouns except in the 3rd person, where 'se' is always used. If the sentence uses le/la/les/las then the action in being done on someone or something else, not on the subject.

Singular	Plural
me myself te yourself (informal) se himself, herself, itself	nos ourselves os your, yourself (informal) les themselves
Me levanto. - I get myself up. Se compró una cama. - He bought himself a bed. Tu cepillaste el pelo. - You brushed your hair.

A relative pronoun helps avoid repetition in a sentence where a noun is referred to in a descriptive or defining clause of the sentence. The noun is called an antecedent, and the pronoun that replaces it is called a relative pronoun:

The man, who I met at work, is coming over today.
Here who is the relative pronoun, while 'man' is the antecedent.

There are two general types of statements that relative pronouns are used in: Defining clauses that define the noun - generally these sentences do not use a comma to set aside the clause. Descriptive clauses that gives you more information about the noun - generally these sentences use a comma to set aside the clause.

Defining:	The box that I brought with me is on the table.
Descriptive:	The box, which has the big label on it, is on the table.

Note that in English the relative pronoun is sometimes omitted (the box I brought with me...) which is never allowed in Spanish.
Also the relative pronoun may never be placed at the end of the sentence (the man I was talking with), but must be expressed like (the man with whom I was talking).

Masculine		Feminine		definition
que	que	que	que	who, which, that
el/lo que	los que	la que	las que	about which, about that, about whom, he who, those whom, that which, etc
quien	quienes	quien	quienes	who, whom
el/lo cual	los cuales	la cual	las cuales	which, who, whom
cuyo	cuyos	cuya	las cuyas	whose, of whom, of which

When the pronoun defines the noun as who, which, that the relative pronoun que is used for both people and things:

La mujer que me dijo esta allá.

-

The woman who told me is over there.

When the personal a is used to define the noun as which, that then al/a la/a los/a las que or quien/quienes is used:

La mujer a la que conocí esta allá	-	The woman (that) I met is over there.
La mujer a quien conocí esta allá	-	The woman (that) I met is over there.

If a preposition such as de, con is used to define a thing then el/los/la/las que is used:

La caja de la que hablabamos esta rota.

-

The box about which we were talking is broken.

If a preposition such as de, con is used to define a person then el/los/la/las que or quien/quienes is used:

Mi amigo con el que vení esta allá.	-	My friend with whom I came is over there.
Mi amigo con quien vení esta allá.	-	My friend with whom I came is over there.

If the noun is referred to indirectly as in those who, he who, that which, those which then el/los/la/las que is used:

Los que quieren ir deben venir aqui.

-

Those who want to go should come here.

When the pronoun describes the noun as who, which, that the relative pronoun que, quien/quienes or el/los/la/las cual can be used for both people and things:

La caja, que es rojo, esta allá.	-	The box, which is red, is over there.
La caja, la cual es rojo, esta allá.	-	The box, which is red, is over there.
La mujer, que es una abogada, me ayudó much.	-	The woman, who is a lawyer, helped me a lot.
La mujer, quien es una abogada, me ayudó much.	-	The woman, who is a lawyer, helped me a lot.
La mujer, la cual es una abogada, me ayudó much.	-	The woman, who is a lawyer, helped me a lot.

When the personal a is used to refer to an idea as which, that then the gender ambiguous lo/los que is used:

El correo lleg&oactue, lo que me hico contento.

-

The mail arrived, which made me happy.

If a preposition such as de, con is used to describe a thing then el/los/la/las que, quien/quienes, el/los/la/las cual can be used:

La caja, con la que yo estaba jugando, esta rota.	-	The box, with which I was playing, is broken.
La caja, con la cual yo estaba jugando, esta rota.	-	The box, with which I was playing, is broken.

If a preposition such as de, con is used to define a person then el/los/la/las que or quien/quienes is used:

La mujer, con quien yo estaba hablando, esta en Syracuse.	-	The woman, with whom I was talking, is in Syracuse.
La mujer, con la cual yo estaba hablando, esta en Syracuse.	-	The woman, with whom I was talking, is in Syracuse.

If a propery of a person of things is described using whose then cuyo/cuyos/cuya/cuyas is used:

El hombre, cuyo trabajo es en Nueva York, vive en Nueva Jersey.	-	The man, whose job is in New York, lives in New Jersey
La compañ;ía, cuya oficinas son en Nueva Jersey, emplea muchos trabajadores.	-	The company, whose offices are in New Jersey, employs many workers.

Prepositions include:

• a - to
• con - with
• de - of, from
• desde - from
• en - in, on
• entre - between
• hacia - towards
• hasta - until, til
• para - for
• por - for
• sin - without